Understanding 80% Lowers: The Key to Building Custom Firearms

In the world of firearm enthusiasts, gun builders, and DIY hobbyists, 80% lowers have become a hot topic. Whether you’re an experienced gunsmith or someone looking to create their own custom firearm, the concept of 80% lowers is incredibly important to understand. This article will provide a deep dive into what 80% lowers are, why they are popular, how to use them, and the legal considerations that come with building your own firearm.

What Are 80% Lowers?

An 80% lower is a firearm receiver that has been partially completed but is not yet functional. The term “80%” refers to the fact that the part is about 80% finished, meaning it still requires a significant amount of work to be fully functional and legally usable as a firearm. The most common types of 80% lowers are made for AR-15-style rifles and Glock-style pistols, but they can apply to a variety of different firearm models.

For example, when building an AR-15, the “lower receiver” is the part of the firearm that houses the trigger, magazine well, and the serial number. The 80% lower, in this case, would be an unfinished receiver that requires further machining to complete. Similarly, with handguns, an 80% lower might be a polymer or metal frame that requires additional work to fit the necessary components.

Why Do People Choose to Build Firearms Using 80% Lowers?

There are several reasons why gun owners, hobbyists, and firearms enthusiasts are increasingly turning to 80% lowers to build their own firearms. Some of the key reasons include:

1. Customization

When you build your own firearm using an 80% lower, you have the ability to fully customize the weapon to your preferences. From the grip to the trigger to the stock, you can choose all the components that suit your style and needs. This level of personalization is a big draw for many people who want a rifle or handgun that fits them perfectly.

2. Cost Savings

Purchasing a pre-built firearm can be expensive, especially if you’re looking for a specific model or high-quality parts. By using an 80% lower, you can often save money by purchasing the receiver separately and then assembling the rest of the firearm yourself. This can be a more budget-friendly option, especially for those who already own some of the necessary tools.

3. Self-Reliance

Building a firearm from an 80% lower offers a sense of self-reliance and accomplishment. For many gun enthusiasts, the process of crafting their own weapon from start to finish is a rewarding experience. It also gives them an in-depth understanding of how their firearm works, which can be valuable for maintenance and repairs in the future.

4. Legal Implications

In certain regions, the laws surrounding the purchase of completed firearms can be strict, including background checks and registration requirements. However, 80% lowers are often sold as “unfinished” parts, which means they don’t require a background check or serial number. This makes them an attractive option for individuals who are legally allowed to own firearms but don’t want to go through the formalities of purchasing a completed gun.

How Do You Complete an 80% Lower?

The process of completing an 80% lower requires some skill, tools, and time. However, it is not as difficult as many people think. The basic process involves machining the receiver to its final dimensions and making it capable of housing the necessary components (e.g., trigger, hammer, bolt catch, etc.). Below are the steps typically involved:

1. Prepare the Work Area

Before beginning any machining or assembly, ensure that you have a clean, organized, and safe workspace. You’ll need various tools, including drills, end mills, and possibly a milling machine, depending on the complexity of the lower.

2. Acquire the Necessary Tools

For an AR-15 80% lower, you will need tools such as a jig (a guide to help with drilling and milling), a drill press or milling machine, and various drill bits and cutters. Some people opt to purchase 80% lower kits that come with a pre-made jig and instructions, making the process easier for beginners.

3. Follow the Jig Instructions

If you’re using a jig kit, follow the instructions carefully. The jig will align the 80% lower to the drill press or milling machine and provide specific guidance for drilling and milling. The jig will also ensure the precision required to complete the firearm. Mistakes in alignment or cutting can result in a lower that is unusable or unsafe.

4. Drill and Mill the Necessary Holes

The main tasks when completing the lower are drilling the trigger pin holes, hammer pin holes, and other critical holes, such as the safety selector and magazine release. Milling the pocket for the trigger and other internal components is another key step. It’s important to take your time, measure multiple times, and make sure everything is drilled or milled to the correct specifications.

5. Assembly

Once the machining is complete, you can begin assembling the firearm. This will involve inserting the parts into the lower receiver (trigger, hammer, safety selector, etc.) and then attaching the upper receiver and other components like the stock and buffer tube. It’s essential to use high-quality parts and follow manufacturer instructions during assembly to ensure the firearm functions correctly.

6. Test Functionality

After assembling the firearm, it’s crucial to test its functionality. Perform a series of dry fire tests to ensure the trigger, safety, and other mechanisms work as intended. Always ensure the firearm is unloaded before testing.

Legal Considerations Surrounding 80% Lowers

While 80% lowers can be legally owned and assembled in many places, it is important to understand the legal implications in your specific region. The laws surrounding 80% lowers can vary significantly depending on the country, state, or even city where you live. Below are a few key points to consider:

1. The United States

In the United States, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) has specific regulations surrounding 80% lowers. While owning an 80% lower is generally legal, completing the lower to create a functioning firearm does require adherence to certain regulations. If you complete the firearm, it may require a serial number and be subject to the same regulations as any other firearm, including background checks if you choose to sell it.

Importantly, you are not allowed to manufacture firearms with the intent of selling them without a federal firearms license (FFL). Personal use is typically acceptable, but any intention to sell the firearm could lead to legal trouble.

2. State Laws

State laws can vary widely. Some states, like California, have stricter regulations regarding 80% lowers and might require additional background checks or registration for certain types of firearms. Other states may have no restrictions at all, allowing for greater freedom in building firearms from 80% lowers.

3. International Laws

Outside of the United States, the laws governing 80% lowers are even more diverse. In some countries, it may be illegal to manufacture firearms without a specific license, and the purchase or possession of an 80% lower may be prohibited. Before engaging in any kind of firearm construction, it is essential to check the laws in your jurisdiction.

The Future of 80% Lowers

The future of 80% lowers is closely tied to the ongoing debates about gun control and individual rights. Advocates for gun rights often view 80% lowers as a way to preserve personal freedom and self-reliance. However, critics argue that these unfinished parts can be easily completed and used to bypass firearm regulations, which raises concerns about gun violence and safety.

As technology advances, the tools required to complete 80% lowers become more accessible. With the advent of 3D printing and other advanced manufacturing techniques, it’s likely that the ability to create custom firearms will continue to evolve. It’s important to stay informed about changes in both technology and legislation to ensure compliance with the law while participating in the firearm-building community.

Conclusion

80% lowers have become an essential part of the DIY firearms world, offering enthusiasts the opportunity to build custom weapons tailored to their specifications. While completing an 80% lower requires some effort and skill, the satisfaction of crafting a functional firearm is rewarding. However, it is crucial to understand the legal considerations surrounding 80% lowers, as laws vary greatly by region.

Whether you’re looking to create a custom AR-15 or handgun, or you simply want to build a firearm for personal use, 80% lowers offer a unique and rewarding way to engage with firearms. Just be sure to approach the process with knowledge, care, and legal awareness, and you’ll be well on your way to building your own firearm from scratch.

Similar Posts

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *